The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology is led by the best gastroenterologists in Hyderabad, providing comprehensive care for all gastrointestinal and liver disorders.Trained medical and surgical gastroenterologists holistically treat a wide range of gastro and liver disorders including ulcers, constipation, acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux, oesophageal cancer, blenching, bloating, indigestion, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, haemorrhoids, Hernias – Ventral, Inguinal & Incisional hernia, irritable bowel syndrome, Inflammatory bowel disease, fatty liver, gallbladder stones, pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cholestatic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatitis, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, anorectal conditions, and other conditions of the biliary system.
The gastroenterology specialists at Max Health Hospitals have the expertise to handle the most challenging and complex surgical cases with a top-notch degree of skill, expertise, and dexterity. They offer treatment for both benign and malignant conditions of the liver, gallbladder, stomach and bile ducts.
Max Health Hospital is considered among the best gastroenterology hospitals in Hyderabad today because of its 360-degree care and advanced treatment options.
An anal abscess is caused by an infection on or near the anus, which is the opening of the rectum where bowel movements leave the body. The body forms a pocket of pus surrounding the infection called an abscess. Pus is a thick fluid that usually contains white blood cells, dead tissue, and germs.
An anal abscess is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the area around the anus. An abscess is a pocket of pus in the deeper layers under the skin. An abscess happens when germs get into tissue below the outer layer of skin. Most of the time an abscess is caused by bacteria, but rarely, it can be caused by a virus or fungus.
Your risk of having an anal abscess may be higher if you have a long-term condition such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or diabetes. It may be higher if you have a sexually transmitted disease or infection (STD or STI).
Symptoms may include
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Tests may include:
Your provider may prescribe antibiotic medicine. An anal abscess may need to be treated with surgery to open and drain the infected area.
To care for yourself at home after treatment:
There is no sure way to prevent anal abscesses. You may be able to help prevent them if you:
You may have a greater risk of developing anal cancer if you:
At first there are no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
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The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to other parts is called metastasis. What causes cancer to spread is not known. Cancer cells can:
The lymph system is part of your body’s system for fighting infection. The lymph system consists of lymph nodes that store blood cells (lymphocytes) to fight infection and vessels that carry fluid, nutrients, and wastes between your body and your bloodstream.
New tumors then grow in these other areas. When anal cancer spreads, it most often affects the colon, rectum, and bladder. Sometimes your first symptoms of cancer are in the part of the body where the cancer has spread. The symptoms of cancer that has spread to another part of your body depend on where the tumors are. For example:
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Tests may include:
You may need more lab tests and scans to check if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body.
You and your healthcare provider will discuss possible treatments. You may also talk with a surgeon and a cancer specialist. Some things to think about when making treatment decisions are:
Your treatment may also include:
Clinical trials are research studies to find effective cancer treatments. It’s always your choice whether you take part in one or not.
If you have been diagnosed with anal cancer:
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An anal fissure is a small tear in the skin of the anus. The anus is the opening of the rectum where bowel movements leave the body. Anal fissures are a fairly common problem.
A tear may happen when you have:
Symptoms may include:
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you.Tests may include:
Most fissures will heal in a few days with the following at-home treatments:
Follow the full course of treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider. Ask your provider:
The best prevention for anal fissures is to keep your bowel movements soft and prevent constipation by:
An anal fistula is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the anus. It may happen as a result of:
To care for yourself at home after treatment:
Appendicitis is swelling and irritation of the appendix. The appendix is a small,finger-shaped pouch where the large and small intestines join. Healthcare providers are not sure what the appendix does, but when it is inflamed, it gets swollen and painful and can cause serious problems.It is important to get treatment for appendicitis before the appendix ruptures. A rupture is a break or tear in the appendix. If an infected appendix breaks open, it can cause a life-threatening infection of the belly.Because of the risk of rupture, appendicitis is considered an emergency.
In most cases, appendicitis is caused by a blockage of the opening of the appendix by a piece of bowel movement. Sometimes it is caused by infection in the digestive tract.
The symptoms can differ from person to person. They may include:
Children under 10 and adults over 50, as well as pregnant women, are less likely to have the usual symptoms of appendicitis. Because of this, they may not get treatment right away, which makes it more likely that the appendix will rupture. They should Adult Advisor 2020.1 © 2018 Change Healthcare LLC and/or one of its subsidiaries 2 be especially careful to report symptoms that could be early signs of appendicitis.Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 30. If you think you may have appendicitis and are about to see your healthcare provider, do not eat or drink anything before the appointment.
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. You may have the following tests:
Appendicitis is usually treated with surgery to remove the appendix. It is important to have surgery quickly before the appendix ruptures. People can live a normal life without an appendix.
You will be given general anesthesia to keep you from feeling pain during the procedure. General anesthesia relaxes your muscles and puts you into a deep sleep. You may have either one cut in the lower right area of the belly or 1 to 3 small cuts if your healthcare provider uses a laparoscope, which is a lighted tube with a camera. If your appendix is removed before it ruptures, you will usually feel much better in a couple of days.
If the appendix has ruptured, infection can spread through your belly, which is dangerous. Your healthcare provider may put a drainage tube in your belly to help Adult Advisor 2020.1 © 2018 Change Healthcare LLC and/or one of its subsidiaries 3 the infection drain. You will stay in the hospital after surgery to receive IV antibiotic medicine and pain medicine and may need more than 1 surgery.
Treatment without surgery includes taking antibiotic medicine to treat the infection.This treatment may be used if you are not well enough for surgery or surgery is not available. Without treatment, appendicitis can be fatal. Close follow-up is important to make sure the infection is getting better and to decide if or when surgery is needed.
Follow the full course of treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider. If antibiotic medicine has been prescribed, take all of it according to your provider’s instructions.
Bile duct stones are hard stone-like objects that get stuck in the common bile duct.The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are part of your digestive system. The liver makes bile, which helps your body break down the fat in food. Ducts carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and the small intestines.The gallbladder is a small sac under your liver on your right side that stores bile. Bile helps break down food, especially fatty food. A duct carries bile from the liver and the gall bladder and digestive fluids from the pancreas to the upper part of your small intestines.
Stones can start in the gallbladder and move into the bile duct or they can start in the bile duct. Long-term problems with gallstones can damage the gallbladder and cause stones to move into the bile duct more easily.Most bile duct stones are made from cholesterol. Cholesterol is a kind of fat used by the body to make hormones and to build and keep cells healthy. If there is too much cholesterol in your bile or if the bile stays in your gallbladder too long, hard pieces can form.Some bile duct stones are made from bilirubin and calcium. Bilirubin is made from the breakdown of old blood cells. If you have a lot of bilirubin in your bile, it can mix with calcium that is naturally in your bile to form gallstones. If you have bacteria in your bile, it can increase the amount of bilirubin that can make gallstones. Bile duct stones happen more often in:
The symptoms of bile duct stones may come on slowly over time or may happen suddenly. Early symptoms may include:
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. The most common test to diagnose bile duct stones is an ultrasound, which uses sound waves to show pictures of your gallbladder and bile ducts. If the ultrasound does not clearly show the gallstones, you may have other tests or scans such as:
Usually, bile duct stones need to be removed. Usually the stones can be removed using a procedure called ERCP and sphincterotomy. This procedure uses a slim,flexible lighted tube that is put through your mouth. It has a tool to enlarge the bile duct opening into the intestine and remove stones from the common bile duct. It may be followed by surgery to remove the gallbladder if it is the source of the stones. This surgery is called a cholecystectomy.Removal of your gallbladder should cause few, if any, long-term problems because your digestive system can work well without it. You may have looser bowel movements after gallbladder removal. Surgery may be done in one of two ways:
Ask your healthcare provider:
Bowel habits is the term used for how often you have bowel movements. There is no best number of daily or weekly bowel movements. Some people have a bowel movement twice a day and others twice a week. What’s more important than having frequent bowel movements is having regular and soft bowel movements. If the number of bowel movements you have stays about the same from day to day, and your bowel movements are soft enough to pass without straining, then you have good bowel habits.
Most people have diarrhea or constipation, from time to time. For example, some foods, like nuts and corn, may make your bowel movements loose.You are more likely to have constipation if:
Symptoms that may signal a problem include:
A large bowel obstruction is a blockage anywhere inside your large intestine. The large bowel (also called the colon) is the last 5 feet of your intestines. The rectum is the last few inches of the large bowel. The rectum connects with the anus, where your bowel movements come out. A blockage may stop all food, gas, or fluids from passing through or just make it harder to pass through and out of your body. If a blockage is not treated, it can become a life-threatening medical emergency.
Common causes of a blockage are:
The first signs of a blockage may be a change in bowel habits, such as little or no gas, or no bowel movements. Other symptoms may include: Adult Advisor 2020.1 © 2018 Change Healthcare LLC and/or one of its subsidiaries 2
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Tests may include:
Treatment depends on what is causing the blockage.If the blockage is from a hard lump of bowel movement near the anus, your provider may be able to remove it with enemas or by putting a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum. Your provider may recommend some changes in your diet to prevent future problems.You may need to be treated in the hospital with an IV to give you fluids and medicines. You may also have a tube put through the nose and into the stomach to help drain fluid and gas. Sometimes a tube is put into your rectum to help relieve gas and make you more comfortable.
You may need to have surgery to remove the cause of the blockage. This is more common with complete blockages. A complete blockage is a medical emergency. Part of your intestine may also need to be removed. You may need a colostomy. This means that your healthcare provider will make an opening in your belly and bring the end of the intestine to the outside. Bowel movements will then leave your body through this new opening. It will be collected in a disposable bag. In most cases the colostomy is temporary. This means that you will have a second surgery to rejoin the ends of intestine to each other, and no longer have an opening in the wall of your belly. Adult Advisor 2020.1 © 2018 Change Healthcare LLC and/or one of its subsidiaries 3
Follow the full course of treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider. Ask your provider:
Exercise daily and eat a diet high in fiber and low in fat and cholesterol. If you are not used to high-fiber diets, start slowly. Drinking plenty of water helps your intestines to work normally. If you see blood in a bowel movement or have a change in bowel habits, tell your healthcare provider. If you have a health problem that caused the blockage, be sure you know what to do to manage that health problem and help keep you from having another blockage.If you are 50 or older, ask your healthcare provider how often you should have colorectal cancer screening. If you are an African-American, your healthcare provider may recommend a screening colonoscopy at age 45.
Colon or rectal cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in your large intestine, which is also called the large bowel. The colon is the last 5 feet of the bowel. The rectum is the last few inches of the large bowel inside the anus, where your bowel movements come out. Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Another name for this type of cancer is colorectal cancer.The sooner cancer is found and treated, the better your chances for recovery.However, even advanced cancer can usually be treated. Treatment may slow or temporarily stop the growth of the cancer and ease symptoms. Ask your healthcare provider what you can expect with the type of cancer that you have.
Most colorectal cancers start from a growth of extra tissue called a polyp on the inside wall of the bowel. Polyps are very common. About half of all people will eventually have a polyp in their large bowel. Less than 1 in 10 polyps turn into cancer. Colorectal cancer grows very slowly, over 10 to 15 years. Colon or rectal cancer usually occurs after age 50, but it can happen at any age.
At first there are no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to other parts is called metastasis. What causes cancer to spread is not known. Cancer cells can:
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Small samples of your bowel movements will be tested for blood. The test can find blood that you cannot see on your bowel movements. If you have blood in your bowel movements, you may need other tests such as:
You and your healthcare provider will discuss possible treatments. You may also talk with a surgeon and a cancer specialist. Some things to think about when making treatment decisions are:
If you have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer:
If you are not at high risk for colorectal cancer but are 50 to 75 years old, there are several ways to check for cancer:
Fluid buildup in the belly happens when fluid that is normally in your blood vessels and tissues leaks into the belly. This space, also called the abdominal or peritoneal cavity, holds the liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, and female reproductive organs.Fluid that collects in the belly is called ascites.
Many diseases can cause fluid to buildup in your belly, and the most common is serious liver disease. Liver disease and scarring can block normal blood flow and increase pressure in the main liver (portal) vein. High pressure in the portal vein causes blood to back up and makes the veins swell. This is called portal hypertension.Fluid leaks out of the veins and collects in your belly and chest. The increased pressure can also cause bleeding of swollen veins in your esophagus.
Symptoms may include:
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Fluid in the belly usually happens after you have diagnosed with liver disease or another problem, so your healthcare provider may not need to do more tests. If you do have tests they may include:
You will be treated for the problem that is causing the fluid buildup. Treatment may also include:
Follow the full course of treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider.
When you have a hernia, all or part of your intestine (bowel) bulges through a weak area or gap in your muscles. There are several kinds of hernias, based on where in the body they happen:
Inguinal or groin hernia. A groin hernia is a hernia in the lower part of your belly, where your legs join the lower part of your body. Another name for groin hernia is inguinal hernia because the bowel bulges into the inguinal canal, a space between layers of muscle in your groin. This is the most common type of hernia.
A hernia may be caused by anything that causes the intestines to push against a weak area in your muscles. Some people are born with a weakness in these muscles. A hernia can happen to anyone, but most types are more common in men than women.
Symptoms of most types of hernias may include:
• Tugging pain or discomfort in the belly or groin, especially with physical activity • A lump that appears when you lift something or exert yourself • A lump that you can push back in • A burning, aching, or heavy feeling in part of your belly • A swollen or enlarged scrotum in men or boys
If you have a lump that cannot be pushed back, it can mean that part of your intestines is trapped in the gap between the muscles and you need to get medical careright away. A hernia can become a serious problem if your intestines get trapped. Then blood cannot get to that part of your intestines and part of the intestines may die. This can make you very sick. If this happens, you need surgery right away.Many people with a hiatal hernia never have any symptoms. However, in some casesit causes stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach. Symptoms may include burning pain in your chest or throat, a bitter taste in your mouth, a feeling of bloating or fullness inyour stomach, and frequent belching or dry coughing.
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. Tests may include: • An ultrasound, which uses sound waves to show pictures of the organs inside the lower belly. • CT scan, which uses X-rays and a computer to show detailed pictures of the organs inside the belly. • X-rays.
Surgery to repair the opening in the muscle wall is the main treatment for most types of hernias. Your healthcare provider will close the weak spot. Your provider may sew a piece of mesh over the weak spot and under the skin to make the area stronger. The hernia will not get better on its own without treatment, but it also may not get worse for months or even years. If your hernia is not causing problems, you may choose not to have surgery after talking with your healthcare provider. For groin Adult Advisor 2020.1 © 2018 Change Healthcare LLC and/or one of its subsidiaries 3 hernias, you may need to use a groin support. Ask your healthcare provider what is recommended for you.If you have a hiatal hernia, your provider may recommend medicine to lower the acid in your stomach, losing weight, and quitting smoking. Most often, these changes will control your symptoms.
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